The Ballad Of The Sad Cafe By Carson McCullers Essays - Novellas

The Ballad of the Sad Cafe by Carson McCullers The Ballad of the Sad Cafe by Carson McCullers is a story of love illustrated through the romantic longings and attractions of the three eccentric characters; Miss Amelia, Cousin Lymon, and Marvin Macy. McCullers depicts love as a force, often strong enough to change people's attitudes and behaviors. Yet, the author seems to say, if the love is unrequited, individuals, having lost their motivation to change, will revert back to their true selves. The allure of the different characters, which is never revealed by the author, seems to indicate that feelings of love and attraction are not necessarily reasonable or understandable to others. Miss Amelia is self-reliant, outspoken and very much a loner. She stands six foot one inch tall and has a strong, masculine build. Her grey eyes are crossed, and the rest of her features are equally unattractive. Yet, the people of the small, southern town of Cheehaw accept her quirkiness because of the equisite wine that she sells in her store and for her free doctoring and homemade remedies. Still, everyone is shocked when the handsome outlaw, Marvin Macy, falls in love with her. Marvin is a "bold, fearless, and cruel" man who changes his unlawful ways to win Miss Amelia's love. Rather than robbing houses he begins attending church services on Sunday mornings. In an effort to court Miss Amelia, he learns proper etiquette, such as "rising and giving his chair to a lady, and abstaining from swearing and fighting". Two years after Marvin's reformation, he asks Miss Amelia to marry him. Miss Amelia does not love him but agrees to the marriage in order to satisfy her great-aunt. Once married, Miss Amelia is very aloof towards her husband and refuses to engage in marital relations with him. After ten days, Miss Amelia ends the marriage because she finds that she is unable to generate any positive feelings for Marvin. Several months after the divorce, Marvin reverts back to his initial corrupt ways and is "sent to a state penitent iary for robbing filling stations and holding up A Amelia. In the mid 1930's, several years after Miss Amelia's divorce, Lymon, a hunchback, comes to Miss Amelia claiming to be a distant cousin. She readily provides Cousin Lymon with food and board, and eventually any material object that he desires. The people of the town grow very curious of her new guest and of Miss Amelia's hospitality towards Lymon which is contrary to her characteristic untrusting and remote ways. The townspeople gather in her store one evening to meet Cousin Lymon. Unlike Miss Amelia, Cousin Lymon is very sociable and enjoys entertaining the townsfolk with his patently tall tales. In a short period of time, Miss Amelia's store is converted into a cafe where people gather for food, drink, and gossip. They would discuss Miss Amelia's love for Cousin Lymon, indicating that they thought love between cousins is forbidden and incestuous. Her changed behavior, in Lymon's presence, preoccupied and baffled them. Ever since Cousin Lymon's appearance, Miss Amelia would regularly wear a red dress that had been worn exclusively on Sundays. They also noted that, before he arrived, she would only leave her house to go to church or to pick up supplies for her store. While, when Cousin Lymon moves in, realizing that he loves to travel, she would often drive with him into the city and go to see "movie-flicks" with him. Before the story ends, Marvin Macy is released from prison and returns to Cheehaw. Cousin Lymon, unaware of Miss Amelia's short- lived marriage to the criminal is fascinated by Marvin's adventurous life. He leaves Miss Amelia, never having returned her love, to travel with Marvin. Broken-hearted, Miss Amelia returns to her original reclusive style of living. The Ballad of the Sad Cafe enjoyably and precisely portrays the irrational nature of love in the ill-fated love triangle of Miss Amelia, Cousin Lymon, and Marvin Macy. None of the three characters are portrayed as particularly appeali ng people, yet they were loved. People love for very different reasons, " A most mediocre person

Smoking and Habitual Behaviors essays

Smoking and Habitual Behaviors essays Triggers have long been associated with habitual behaviors like smoking. When trying to quit a habit, individuals must often remove so-called triggers from their environment. Triggers for smoking may include sitting at a smokey bar; spending time with friends who still smoke; or getting into an argument with a coworker. Newly smoke-free individuals and those trying to quit may be especially vulnerable to triggers because they have yet to form new habits. Self-control weakens in the face of the trigger because of the overriding rationales about why smoking at that moment is appropriate. The person temporarily forgets that their goal is to quit. However, triggers might also affect persons who have been smoke-free for many years. A research study that demonstrated the effects of triggerseither old ones or newly created oneson smoking relapses would be an interesting study. Researchers could solicit participants who reported a recent relapse in their smoking behavior to study how and why those individuals temporarily lost their self-control. Many people smoke moderately or only in social situations such as when drinking. Research has not focused on moderate smoking but mainly on habitual smoking. Because many people find that occasional tobacco does not lead to compulsive smoking behaviors, a research design that examined the differences between moderate and habitual smokers would be helpful, especially as the study would lend insight into different ways of controlling the habit. The study could start by recruiting willing participants who were already self-described as moderate or as heavy smokers. A survey instrument might be useful in finding out what personality factors or belief systems could be variables in whether or not the person becomes a habitual smoker or not. Also, interviews with the moderate smokers might reveal keys to why they can use self-control with their smoking habit whereas heavy smokers seem unable to control ...

Definition and Examples of Creoles

Definition and Examples of Creoles In linguistics, a creole is a type of  natural  language that developed historically from a pidgin and came into existence at a fairly precise point in time.  English creoles are spoken by  some of the people in  Jamaica, Sierra Leone, Cameroon, and  parts of Georgia and South Carolina. The historical  transition from a pidgin to a creole is called creolization.  Decreolization is the process by  which a creole language gradually becomes more like the standard language of a region (or the acrolect). The language that provides a creole with most of its vocabulary is called the lexifier language. For example, the lexifier language of Gullah (also called  Sea Island Creole English) is English.   Examples and Observations of Creole Creolization-  A pidgin is the combination of two or more languages which sometimes occurs in trade contact, multi-ethnic or refugee situations, where participants need a functioning common language. . . . Sometimes the pidgin becomes stable and established and comes to be spoken as a mother-tongue by children: the language has then become a creole, which quickly develops in complexity and is used in all functional settings. The process of turning a pidgin into a creole is called ​creolization.(Robert Lawrence Trask and Peter Stockwell, Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts. Routledge, 2007)-   A creole has a jargon or a pidgin in its ancestry; it is spoken natively by an entire speech community, often one whose ancestors were displaced geographically so that their ties with their original language and sociocultural identity were partly broken. Such social conditions were often the result of slavery.(John A. Holm, An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles. Cambridge Univ ersity Press, 2000) Similar Features of CreolesLinguists have been struck by the similarities between widely separated creoles. These include such features as SVO word order, pre-verbal negation, lack of a formal passive voice, questions with the same forms as statements, and copula deletion. Some linguists argue that such similarities are evidence of an innate language faculty or bioprogram- that in conditions of impoverished linguistic input, children will nevertheless develop a fully fledged syntax based on universal grammar.(Michael Pearce, The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies. Routledge, 2007)Gullah-  The English variety spoken by descendants of Africans on the coast of South Carolina is known as Gullah and has been identified as a creole. Of all the vernaculars associated with African Americans, it is the one that diverges the most from (White) middle-class varieties in North America.(S.S. Mufwene, North American Varieties of English as Byproducts of Population Contacts, in The W orkings of Language, ed. by R. S. Wheeler. Greenwood, 1999)- On possible to get straight wood from crooked timber.(A Gullah  proverb,  from  The Gullah People and Their African Heritage, 2005)- The Gullah lexicon is  largely English. From his research conducted in the late 1930s, Lorenzo Turner was the first linguist to document over 4000 Africanisms in the Gullah lexicon,  many of them used as basket names (e.g. Gullah nicknames). Today you can still hear in normal everyday conversations such African retentions as  buckra white man, tita elder sister, dada mother or elder sister, nyam eat/meat, sa quickly, benne sesame, una you, and da the verb to be.  Other Gullah Africanisms such as  cooter turtle, tote to carry, okra plant food, gumbo stew, and goober peanut are widely used in mainstream American English.(Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World, ed. by  Keith Brown and Sarah Ogilvie.  Elsevier, 2009 Disagreements Over the Creole Roots of Black English in the U.S.[A]s for various arguments that Black English displays African or creole roots because of the role that aspect plays in its grammar (e.g., DeBose and Faraclas 1993), the issue is in fact not yet sufficiently examined to stand as an accepted fact. For one, tense plays a much more central role in Black English grammar than in Creoles or the West African languages of the Upper Guinea region, underlyingly marking the past and future as obligatorily as any Indo-European grammar (cf. also Winford 1998: 116). Second, typical of Creolist Hypothesis advocates generally insufficient attention to English dialects, the aspect arguments do not address the role that aspect in nonstandard British dialects may have played. This gap in argumentation alone renders the linkage of Black English aspect to Africa and creoles seriously incomplete, which is all the more significant given that there is indeed evidence that nonstandard British di alects are more aspect-focused than standard English (Trugdill and Chambers 1991).(John H. McWhorter, Defining Creoles. Oxford University  Press, 2005) Pronunciation: KREE-ol

Assignment taxation law Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Taxation law - Assignment Example Applying taxation law in the case of Concrete and Transport Ltd, analysis of the implications of the company decision on its activities is necessary. In deciding on whether to carry out repairs, the company needs to consider taxation on the materials required for carrying out the work. In the second option of building new production plant, more capital is necessary to cater for direct taxation, that is, to cater for new premises, and taxation on the materials needed in the construction (Jonathan & Bowen, 2008). Taxation law differs with operations in business. According to Erdős (2011), for a company to venture into railway transport services, it must be a corporation. For corporations, there is double taxation on all the profits including money for company expenses such as expansion. The management of corporations is a different lawful body and not the owners. Therefore, expanding the railway line means increased taxation to the company. In mechanization, taxation law differs with countries. In developed countries, for example, there is no over taxation. In developing countries, there is over taxation of the equipment used to encourage the creation of more job opportunities (Jonathan & Bowen, 2008). According to Schanz (2011), taxes have a significant factor in decision-making. This is because investment decisions are prone to distortion by taxation. In any business, the owners of the business they do undergo taxation or sail through without taxation. Therefore, it is necessary for the Concrete and Transport management to do analysis of their proposed company expansion to determine the after tax returns on the capital expected in the new idea. Expanded business does not guarantee increased returns due to taxes levied. As the business grows, there is a high chance of increased taxes, and in some cases, double taxation occurs, for example, in corporations (Schanz, 2011). Tax research is

Managing Marketing Channels Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Marketing Channels - Literature review Example As the paper outlines, intermediaries are specialists in selling. They have the contacts, experience, and scale of operation which means that greater sales can be achieved than if the producing business tried to run a sales operation itself (Tutor2u, 2008, pg. 1).  "The main function of a distribution channel is to provide a link between production and consumption. Organizations that form any particular distribution channel perform many key functions" (Tutor2u, 2008, pg. 1). These can include factors such as information, promotion, contact, matching, negotiation, physical distribution, financing, and risk taking (Tutor2u, 2008).  The amount of information an intermediary knows is crucial for market planning. The ability of an intermediary to promote a product tells how efficient it is at communicating product and offer information. Contacts held by a particular intermediary let a business know how well it can find and communicate with prospective buyers. The ability of an interme diary to match means whether or not it is able to meet the needs of prospective buyers. Negotiation refers to the ability of an intermediary to reach agreements on prices and other terms. The physical distribution for an intermediary refers to its ability to transport and/or store products. The ability to acquire and use funds to cover costs refers to the financing ability of an intermediary. Finally, an activity such as holding stock in other organizations shows an intermediary's willingness to take risks (Tutor2u, 2008).  Ã‚  According to the material presented at Tutor2u (2008, pg. 1), "All of the above functions need to be undertaken in any market. The question is - who performs them and how many levels there need to be in the distribution channel in order to make it cost effective." Three examples of channel levels include those channel levels which consist of no intermediary, one intermediary, and two intermediaries. When there is no intermediary in a channel, it is known as direct marketing. An example of this is a factory outlet store. A channel with one intermediary is usually a retailer. A channel with two intermediaries could be illustrated through the UK drug market (Tutor2u, 2008).  Oversaturation occurs when the marketplace is crowded with a particular product or service. One relevant example of this in the U.K. is superhero movies. During the summer of 2008, a large number of superhero films were released-such as the Incredible Hulk-leaving the market oversaturated with them (Guardian, 2008). An example of a conflict occurring over stock levels is the recent release of Mac's iPhone all throughout the world, including the UK. When it was released into the marketplace, consumer demand exceeded the supply available. Therefore, it was hard for distribution channel members to keep them on store shelves (MacRumors, 2008). An example of conflict involving direct versus indirect channels comes into play with Computer Associates. According to Yirrell (2002, pg. 1), "The world's third largest software vendor has pledged to eliminate the long-standing conflict between direct and indirect and has launched a strategy which it claims will encourage the two sides to work together."

Henry James started life in a wealthy family Essay Example for Free

Henry James started life in a wealthy family Essay His grandfather was one of the first American millionaires. James father was a theologian and his brother was a psychologist. In fact, his brother, William James, was the pioneer of psychoanalysis. Around the time that James wrote The Turn of The Screw (1897), people began to think a lot more about the inner workings of the mind. James seems especially interested in what it is that attracts humans to one another and as to when sexuality begins to shape itself in a child. An example of this is shown in one of his early novels, Watch and Ward, in which a bachelor adopts a young girl with an intention to marry her. This is also shown in The Turn of The Screw, when Miles kisses the governess. The adversary of the governess, Peter Quint, has sexually abused Miles, continuing this psychological theme. Much of James work is centred on the innocence of the West and the corruption and wisdom of the East. When Henry James wrote The Turn of The Screw, I believe his intention was to create a gripping, thought-provoking piece of fiction to involve the reader. He wrote entirely through the governess eyes so that the book would involve the reader. There is also a prologue in which the reader is included in a circle of friends telling ghost stories to one another. One man proclaims that he knows of this story and then the narrative begins in earnest. This immediately tells the reader what to expect from the story and how to approach it. However, the practice of people sitting round an open fire and entertaining each other with ghost stories is, sadly, not common and, if it occurs at all, people tend to relate anecdotes rather than ghost stories. James has created a tense novel; he builds huge suspense by not immediately saying what is happening. He presents the story as a journal: the perceptions of the governess. This is slightly similar to The Catcher In The Rye by J. D. Salinger. In this the main character (Holden Caulfield) pours out all his thoughts onto paper. The governess writes in a similar way, but it is subtler and more edited; James is trying to make the reader live the book. For instance, when the governess first realises that Miss Jessel is standing on the opposite side of the lake from her, James does not merely present this fact, but instead goes through all the ideas thoughts and observations of the governess in minute detail and keeps the reader in continued suspense until the revelation. Some people may have found this novel frightening in 1898 (its contemporary setting) but its setting is actually one of its downfalls in appealing to a modern audience. It is too near to real life to appeal or frighten. The modern horror audiences taste has become increasingly extreme so that horror films and books are more fantastical. Even though they are increasingly unrealistic, this makes them more frightening and somehow involves the audience more. The basis of the Turn of The Screw is horror invading everyday life. There is a lot more exposure to horror in the present day, so this dampens the effect that this novel has on people now. People become cynical when they are over-exposed to something, such as advertising. Henry James wrote verbosely, using lots of imagery, which in most cases is profound. He uses many subordinate clauses, which can make it difficult to understand i. e. : This is written in the voice of the governess (as a journal entry) and the choice of vocabulary shows us that she is well educated (as does the fact that she can write) but perhaps a bit nervous. It is as if she is getting hysterical just writing about the experience. This is perhaps because she is unfamiliar with the job and has never worked with children before. The old definition of hysteria was: A nervous affection, occurring exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxysm or fits. Websters Dictionary This is a reminder of how women were seen and their (expected) role in society at the time the book was written. In relation to The Turn of the Screw being a successful ghost story for a modern audience, it may be slightly outdated and perhaps ill-received in our post-feminist society. Women are no longer seen as people who should only look after domestic matters. However, it can break the spell of the writing if you have to read a sentence twice to get the precise meaning of the writers idea. This can prevent people from getting involved in the story and if you are not involved, you are not enjoying the story. The imagery is open to interpretation but I believe that if you look at some of James imagery and can explain it with the first thought that enters your mind, you do not have James meaning. For instance, when Flora runs off to the lake to be with Miss Jessel and the governess and Mrs. Grose go to fetch her: The lake is a metaphor for Jessels evil influence and power. The governess is saying that she believes Flora can be saved because Jessel does not have complete control over her yet. The lake is also described as a sheet of water and a sheet can be used to hide things. Another use for a sheet which was more common in James time (the Victorian period) would be to cover unused furniture in ones second home. The practice of covering all furniture is uncommon in our time. This is another factor to consider when questioning whether The Turn of the Screw is an effective ghost story for a modern audience. There are also many references to the title of the book in some imagery such as, in the same chapter, when Flora is sticking a mast in her toy boat. This again uses the governess non-description of the important part of the scene to build tension. Some of the imagery used still has relevance today. We are instilled with an inherent metaphoric belief that high is good and low is bad, as shown in the book with the varying positions of the governess and the spirits on the staircase. Also the metaphor turning the screw is still an accepted term for increasing tension today. The language used may be difficult to understand for a modern audience and not many people can identify with the character, since there is not much to need for home tutors and guardians now. Parents generally have much more sociable working hours and prefer to spend the money on something more necessary. In addition, children are now required to go to school (unless they are one of the rare cases of those tutored at home. ) Many people will not personally know a governess, let alone be able to empathise with one. However, some people such as single parents (especially single mothers) may identify with feeling that sort of responsibility towards their children. The Turn of The Screw was effective in its contemporary setting. People were more superstitious at that time, because for many people life was hard, and they needed something to focus upon. More people believed in God, and for God to exist there has to be some evil in the world. There was also no entertainment except that which people made for themselves. Parlour games, telling stories or reading books were common leisure activities, since people could not just sit down in front of the television. Many of these stories were passed down from generation to generation and the most popular were ghost stories. We are fascinated with the supernatural and the unknown. It is one of the basic primal fears the fear of the unknown that appeals to us. The industrial revolution brought about more education for lower to middle class people and this meant there was a growing audience for books and especially fiction. People felt the need to escape from the real world. In modern times we are discouraged from this way of thinking because science has come a long way since the nineteenth century and there is no scientific evidence to suggest that these things can happen. However, fantasy books and films are popular, showing there is still an escapist desire in the human psyche, even though more people are educated and we are taught that ghosts do not exist. It seems that television has destroyed this silence and continuity. The story needs to be retold. The haunting effect of a ghost story can now be disrupted more easily because we have electricity, with which comes bright electric lights that can penetrate any unknown shadow. However, if you have a sufficiently romantic mind then the language could help involve you in the atmosphere. Also I think that people could identify with this because there are similar (perceived) dangers today. Peter Quint is a paedophile and what happens in the novel is also the stuff of nightmares for parents in modern times. However, despite these factors, I do not believe that The Turn of the Screw is ultimately a successful ghost story for the modern audience. The situation, language and characters are too alien, yet everyday, to really involve an audience. Technology, science and education deal the final blow, destroying the audiences connection with the heart of the story. Ed Byford In your opinion, is The Turn Of The Screw a 25/04/2007 successful ghost story for a modern audience?

America in the 1920s :: American America History

America in the 1920s INTRODUCTION The Twenties wan a decade which condidted of many well know events and famous people. In which made the twenties part of out history today, such events and people that made history in the twenties were Al Capone the well mnow mafia leader from Chicago, Charlie Chaplain of the silent movies, the annual Montreal Carninval in Canada, and the 60th anniversary of canada in 1927. But these events and people are only a quarter of the history help in the 1920's. ENTERTAINMENT Entertainment in the Twenties consisted of many famous people, it was in the twenties when a man by the name of Walt "Elias" Disney (1901-66) a cartoonest born in Chicago, in which he later graduated and later started his own animation company which he introduced Disney's most popular ans enduring cartoon characters "MICKEY MOUSE" in 1928. During the twenties MICKEY entertained Canadians in such films as "Steam Boat Willie" (1928). Other great cartoon films done be Disney include "Skeleton Dance" in (1929). The silent movies of the twenties is nothing to compaire with the voiced movies we have today. The actors had to show alot of facial and bady expressions to get the veiwers to understand what was happening in the film. The most talented actor's in the twenties were Charlie Chaplai who was known for his "tramp" look, Keaton with his stone facial expressions (because he showed no emotion) and the famous romatic Radolph Valintino. These three and many more entertained Canadians through the twenties. In 1926 the voice era was coming in effect by Warner Brothers by the Vitaphone. In 1927 Warner Brothers finally completed the first sound picture called "The Jazz Singer" To canadains evenings were not spent infront of t.v. Instead they would listen to the radio. One for the radio stations listened to was CKCL. They would listen to mostly music and live plays. Most of the music they listened to was Jazz, and of course those were the days of the popular ballroom dancing with the big bands. Other ways of entertainment were by newspapers and books, One of the novels was "Strange Fugitives". Back in the twenties Canadains authors produced 50 best sellins Fashion When the first world war ended a new stage was set for a new fashion. Such signs of fashion change was already happening. The loosening of fit

The First Triumvirate

Caesar, Crassus and Pompey were part of what is known as the ‘First Triuvirate’, a triumvirate being a legal political alliance between three men. Paterculus describes the triumvirate as a â€Å"partnership of power†. Cicero regarded the triumvirate as’ uniformly odious to all sorts and classes and ages of men’†¦ Cicero also regarded the political coalition as the main cause for the civil war in 49BC. The coalition lasted for approximately seven years- from about 60BC until 53BC. This secret, non-official alliance should not be called the first triumvirate because it was non-offical.The triumvirs- Pompey, Crassus and Caesar each used different methods in order to achieve their respective goals- whether it was for their personal interest or the interest of the political and social group of populares these men represented and were close to . Some of these varying methods were effective, and some were not. Each triumvir had different aims, or a num ber of goals. Each man wanted to gain something different from the coalition. Pompey wished for land for his veterans, as well as his eastern settlement ratified or approved ‘en bloc’, or altogether.Crassus wanted a rebate for the equestrian tax farmers. Caesar needed a consulship for 59BC, as well as a province for 58BC to give scope for his military ability and in order to gain glory also. Caeasr passed his land bill (lex Campania) using the threat of force, ignoring the bad omens as well as ignoring the veto of Biblius, Biblius was the optimate’s representative and it shows the continuation of the struggle between two main poltical and social classes in Rome over power, wealth and equal rights. He was [Biblius] the second consul. The lex Campania aimed at providing land for Pompey’s veterans.Pompey was apparently unhappy with the way the law was passed. Cicero, in a letter to Atticus said regarding Pompey’s position: â€Å"Pompey has fenced so f ar with the important questions. When asked, he said that he agreed with Caesar’s laws. But what about his methods? ‘Caesar must answer that for himself, he replied. † During Julius Caesar’s first consulship (59BC) a tribune, Vatinius was made to good use, He passed a bill and thus ratified Pompey’s settlement en bloc, he gained a rebate for the equestrians in telation to the loss to the tax contract.Vatinius also proposed to the assembly that Caesar should be given Illyricum and both gauls for five years as well as an army of three legions, this was passed despite unfavourable omens. Due to vatinius; help as a tribune in 59bc, each triumvir gained most of what they wanted. Julius Caesar also assisted in changing Clodius Pulcher’s status, so that clodius could help the triumvirate. Caeasr helped Clodius change from the patrician to plebeian status. Clodius became a tribune and introduced four laws.He also introduced free corn as a bribe, this obviously benefited the poor and masses, but had negative effects in politics since it was often used to manipulate the plebs as a form of bribe for their vote. Free corn was usually used by populares leaders to bribe the people for political interests. The two censors were able to expel senators only when they were both in agreement and and after a judicial enquiry had been held. No magistrates could stop public business by the use of auspices or observing ill-omens. Clodius pulcher as tribune in 58BC also exiled Cicero because of the threat he imposed on the triumvirs.Clodius introduced to rid any magistrate who had put to death a Roman citizen without trial- this was obiously aimed at Cicero, because he had put to death the Catilinarian conspirators in 63VC, against Julius Caesar’s wishes (warnings on the law). After Cicero’s exile, according to Plutarch, it was obvious to others that Cicero was a shattered man- he ‘remained for most of the time miserable and disconsolate, keeping his eyes fixed, like a distressed lover, on Italy. ’ The triumvirate became under pressure between 58 and 56 BC for various reasons.The enmity between Pompey and Crassus contributed largely. As Crassus and Pompey both achieved their goals, Pompey was embarrassed by Caesar’s methods and Crassus was eager to humiliated Pompey was a reason for the triumvirate being under pressure. Cicero also attacked one of Caesar’s bills in the senate- the lex Campania which threatened the unity of the coalition. Cicero continued to attempt to win Pompey away from the coalition with Crassus and Pompey. Cicero also undermined the coalition further by speaking for Pompey’s special command by appointment.The people were complaining about the high price of the corn as well as the shortage of it. It means that Clodius’ law to provide free corn was unsuccessful. Cicero spole for pompey’s command of the grain supply as the people demanded that Pompey should be appointed in charge of the supplies of grain. Plutarch suggests that the appointment ‘made Pompey once again the master of all ROMAN possessions by sea and by land’, and Crassus and Caesar would have not been happy woth the appointment because Pompey would have more power than the rest of the triumvirs.The conference at luca in 56BC had the aim of solving these problems, and it successfully strengthened the postion of the coalition between the three men overall- a public reconciliation between Pompey and Crassus largely achieved this. At the conference it was also agreed that Crassua nd Pompey would stand for a ocnuslship the following year- 55bc- a joint one. To achieve their aims of having a consulship together, Crassus and Pompey used some dodgy tactics in order to be elected.They had powerful ptimates enemies, Domitius Ahenobarbus in particular. They tried their best to delay the elections being held and also preventing the consuls in hilding the el ection unitl the ened of the term. tHEY BOTH resorted to violence , among other things. By the end of the year no elections wre held. aN interrex was appointed- however this was a poltical friend- friendly to Pompey. This interrex suggested that only two candidates for the joint consulship be elected, obviously aiming at Crassus and pOmpey as candidates.During the elections, Anhenobarbus was wounded in a riot, and Pompey and Crassus were elected for a second time as consuls. POMPEY and Crassus aimed to gain valuable proconsular commands, and with the help of tribune c. trebonius he awarded Crassus the province of Syria and Pompey the two Spains, as well as Caesar’s Gallic command extended. Throughout the years 60-53bc, the span of the triumvirate, the political coaltion between these three men used a variety of methods to achieve their poltical goals/aims.These three men met their goals theough the use of tribunes- Vatinius and C. Trebonius. Both of these methods were effecti ve as their goals were granted however they were mostly short lasting resolutions because soon the triumvirate broke down and the civil war following which had devasting effects. ahOWEVER, the violence that Crassus and Pompey used in order to be elected for their joint consulship in 55BC was wrong and illegal. Caesar also used violence- the threat of force- to pass his lexCampania during his first consulship in 59BC. Pompey became very unahappy with the way that Caear passed his lex Campania. The threat of force was a very strong factor in preventing the triumvirs’ opponents from resorting to violence themselves, and many argue that it was a necessity for any of the three men to resort to threats, violence or illegal activity in order to achieve their political goals/or aims. The mehods used by the three men were on the effective, howevr sometimes the methods they used is not justified.

Gender Roles in the United States Essay

1. Briefly discuss the history of ethnic relations in the United States. The ethnic history of the United States was long rooted during the colonial period. The first settlements in the United States were the Spanish outposts in the towns of Florida and California and a French outpost in Louisiana. English colonizers declared the United States’ independence in 1776 due to their yearning for freedom from their own country (Doane). â€Å"The class, racial, ethnic, and gender relationships of the contemporary nation have their roots in the colonial period† (Doane). Because of the failure to force Native American settlers to work on the fields, the British settlers resorted in importing African slaves to work on cotton plantations located at the South, while the Whites chose to reside on the North to further hone their emerging industries (Doane). The ethnic relations of the United States during the early years are characterized by the major issue of racism and discrimination based on skin color. During the colonial times, the poor whites and the indentured servants served as bridges for the slaves and the landlords. The poor whites tried to identify themselves with the rich landowning whites and propagated the idea of white racial identity rather than the class identity (Doane). This action in turn reinforced the racial discrimination in the country. The status, skin color and position in the labor market characterized the relationships among racial and ethnic groups. Some of the Blacks migrated northward to work on industrial jobs but disparity continued as they were paid less than the whites on comparable jobs. The Blacks also received less social benefits than the Whites reinforcing discrimination (Doane). 2. Describe the process of gender role socialization. Give examples of how females and males are trained to fulfill the expectations of their gender roles. There is a tendency for the society to mandate societal rules and determine what is right and acceptable to the people. This process is referred to as gender role socialization, wherein social institutions control the society’s expectations on â€Å"dress code, language, personality, leisure activities and aspirations for each sex† (Padavic and Reskin 53). Through this process, people learn their gender identity. The society associates well established values, attitudes, behavior, choices and performance that are appropriate for gender categories such as men and women. People are able to absorb the specific roles that the society is trying to inculcate to the members of a particular sex (Senior 25). Learning our gender roles is important in the aspect of socialization and our interaction with other people. Childhood experiences of socialization prepare the people in their gender and social roles in such a way that adult members of the society are expecting them to behave (Senior 25). Even as children, people have been trained to behave and act according to their biological sexual orientation. And as such, parents reinforce gender role socialization on their child-rearing methods. They give toy guns and robots to their male children and dolls and kitchen utensils to their female children. People may be unconsciously aware but through this method, social roles are being inculcated within the consciousness of children in the society as they become adults. Toy guns for male children depict that males should be aggressive and courageous. Boys are also more exposed to high-tech toys like PSP and Gameboy reflecting their advantage in the technological field of industry. Female children or girls, on the other hand, are encouraged to play with dolls and kitchen utensils to prepare them to their future social roles which are in charged of the household, homemaker and as domestic provider. It also encouraged the attitudes of women to become caring and nurturing. 3. Discuss the evidence, which points to either gender roles being biological or cultural in origin. Base on this evidence, what conclusions can be drawn about the origins of gender roles. Discuss some of the most important sources of gender inequalities in our society. How can these inequalities be alleviated? One of the speculated causes of the significant difference in the attitudes and social characteristics between men and women is their biological structure. It was said that genes and other biological components play a big role in influencing these social characteristics. There are biological explanations provided in an attempt to examine aggressiveness in males. It was already known that the inherent presence of Y gene in the 23rd chromosome makes males susceptible to physical disarray. However, there is no strong evidence explaining the role of genetics in the aggressiveness of individuals, particularly the males. Several indicators of violence have been found to be more evident in males than in females (Englander 122). Research further reveals the role of androgens in the prevalence of violence. Androgens are male sex hormones that are abundant in males. These hormones were indirectly linked to criminal violence and also to traditional behavior. Studies show that women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a medical condition in which androgens are secreted in the uterus of females, have an inclination to male tastes and preferences. Although there is no concrete evidence of the relationship between androgens and violence, it was suspected to be the reason behind men’s more aggressive behavior (Englander 123). Another biological factor that is thought to be responsible behind the violent attitude of men is the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). Behavioral patterns are related to the level of MOA presence in the blood. Men are found to have lower levels of MAO than women. Lower MAO levels are associated with aggressiveness and the sudden burst of anger and frustrations, especially impulsiveness (Englander 123). Another essential factor that was believed to be responsible for the development of aggression in men and the nurturing attitude of women is the social construction or the difference in how each was reared and molded by culture and society. A person’s social environment is accountable for the values inculcated in his or her personality. His or her socially-constructed identity is viewed to be inherent with his biological sex. Difference in gender has a widespread effect in the society, which was supported by documented knowledge in socio-biology and evolutionary psychology. This collection of knowledge states that men and women are irrevocably different in bodily configurations (Taylor & Spencer 41). Such disparities in gender can be alleviated through programs that will breach the inequality in gender such as having equal opportunity on the workplace. We could also start hastening changes through campaign programs that will call for equality between genders. Works Cited Doane, Molly. 2007. â€Å"Culture of United States of America†. Advameg, Inc. 11 November 2008 . Englander, Elizabeth Kandel. Understanding Violence. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , 2007. Padavic, Irene and Barabara F. Reskin. Women and Men at Work, 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press, 2002. Senior, Olive. Working Miracles. London: James Currey Ltd. , 1991. Taylor, Gary and Steve Spencer. Social Identities: Multidisciplinary Approaches. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Appalachia Region Essays - Appalachian Culture, Appalachia

Appalachia Region Essays - Appalachian Culture, Appalachia Appalachia Region Appalachia Region By: Wesley Mark Whitworth To look at, and understand the attitudes toward the people of this area it would be good to start with the type of people that migrated into this region. The people of this area did not totally arrive until the English had colonized the coast of the eastern seaboard forcing the now Appalachian people westward to the interior mountains. The main influx of people came in on the second wave of migrants. This people were of Scotch Irish, German, Welsh, French and Swiss decent. These people from the start were rugged mountain people that were very self sufficient and mainly lived from farming as there means of survival. In the beginning there was no Appalachian culture because every one was from different areas. It took well over a hundred years of interaction with each other and isolation from other parts of the country to develop there culture. The major reason this region developed separately is because of the isolation from the outside world for so long. The reason that isolation occurred is do to topography of the land. These people lived in the mountains were outsiders from the seaboard could not or would not go. The first real time the people of Appalachia came into large contact with the other groups of the country was world war 2. At this time many men were drafted and came into contact with other groups. This is probably when some of the early stereotypes began to evolve about hillbillies red neck and many other interesting names. People in developed areas of the states thought primitive substandard people was what lived in the Appalachian region, and this was because they did not understand there culture. The fact that they were different then them was reason enough to make fun. The truth being that they developed the way they did because it best suited the environment in which they lived. Also,. they did not have much if any culture diffusion with the rest of the country. They were only different not worse then the rest of the population. They were probably harder works and had stronger family ties then the people the thought bad of them. The main thing that brought these people out of the mountains in the 1960's was the construction of the highway systems throughout the region. This in able these people to come down from there homes in the mountains and work in the cities. They were then in contact with people other then there own culture. Over the next thirty years they were still stereotyped and it was not totally unfounded because they were different but not in a bad way. Today there are still red necks and hillbillies and I consider myself to somewhat fit that profile, but with the new age of communication culture diffusion has had a large effect on this culture as well as the one's it came into contact with. People do not look at country people the same as in the beginning, they look at them in better and even envious way. Throughout the twenty century the environment of this region has been exploited for profit by lumber and mining companies that do not live here. Many of these companies did not consider the people and thus they stayed or got poor while the companies became rich. Things have change for the better over the years but we still have lower levels of income the most of the country. To discuss Appalachia as a region you first need to look at all the physical aspects. Appalachia is considered a region primary because it is a area of highlands. The topography of this region consists of four physiographic provinces which are the Piedmont, Blue ridge, Ridge and Valley, and the Plateau provinces. This region runs from 32 to 42 degrees latitude which is approximately 700 miles. The piedmont is the province closest to the Atlantic ocean. This province also has the lowest elevation which also runs into the fall line of the coastal plains. This is the defining point of where the Appalachia region begins. The next province westward is the blue ridge province. This province is the smallest of the

August Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays

August Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays Although the United States doesnt celebrate any official holidays during the month of August, the eighth month of the Gregorian calendar does celebrate the birthdays of many famous inventors, writers, scientists, and creators- find out who shares your August birthday. August is also the month when many great inventions, works of art, and scientific discoveries were first patented, trademarked, or copyrighted, so if youre looking for what happened on this day in history during the month of August, theres plenty to discover. Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights From the copyright registration of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz to Thomas Edisons invention of the kinetographic  camera, August has celebrated a number of patents, trademarks, and copyrights throughout the years. August 1 1900: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum was copyright registered.1941: The first Jeep rolled off the assembly line, and Willy’s Truck Company was the first company to create a jeep. August 2 1904: A patent for a glass shaping machine was granted to Michael Owen. The immense production of glass bottles and jars today owes its inception to this invention. August 3 1897: The Street Car Controller was patented by Walter Knight and William Potter. August 4 1970: Poppin Fresh was trademark registered by the Pillsbury Company. August 5 1997: Patent Number 5,652,975 was issued for an automatic talking potty apparatus to Glory Hoskin. August 6 1935:  William Coolidge obtained a patent for the cathode ray tube, a critical ingredient of TV and other electronic applications. August 7 1906: The Flexible Flyer was trademark registered.1944: The worlds first program-controlled calculator, popularly called the Harvard Mark I, was inaugurated. The machine was built by Harvard researcher Howard Aiken  and supported by IBM. August 8 1911: Patent Number 1,000,000 was issued to Francis Holton for a vehicle tire. August 9 1898:  Rudolf Diesel of France was granted patent Number 608,845 for an internal combustion engine known as the Diesel engine. August 10 1909: The Ford  trademark was registered by the Ford Motor Corporation. August 11 1942: Hedy Markey received a patent for a secret communication system.1950:  Steve Wozniak was born, the co-founder of Apple Computers. August 12 1930: Clarence Birdseye patented a method for packaging frozen foods. August 13 1890: A publisher copyright registered an edition of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. August 14 1889: The Washington Post March by John Phillip Sousa was copyright registered.1984: IBM released MS-DOS version 3.0. IBM first approached Bill Gates and Microsoft to discuss the state of home computers in 1980. August 15 1989: President George Bush issued a proclamation commemorating the bicentennial anniversary of the first patent and copyright laws. August 16 1949: Patent Number 2,478,967 was granted to Leonard Greene of Mineola, NY for an airplane stall warning device. August 17 1993: Patent Number 5,236,208 was issued to Thomas Welsh for a platform steerable skateboard. August 18 1949:  Plant Patent  Number 1 was issued to Henry Bosenberg of New Brunswick, NJ, for a climbing rose. August 19 1919: Hostess was trademark registered by William B. Ward.1888: The first world beauty contest was held in Belgium, an 18-year-old West Indian woman won. August 20 1930:  Philo Farnsworth patented a television. August 21 1888: The first practical adding listing machine (calculator) was patented by William Burroughs. August 22 1952: The Television Show Adventures of Superman was copyright registered.1932: The BBS began experimental regular television broadcasts. August 23 1977: The name Cincinnati Bengals was trademark registered.1904: The automobile tire chain was patented. August 24 1993: Patent Number 5,238,437 for a Bubble Dispensing Doll was issued to Vowles, Barad, Smith,  and Stern. August 25 1814: The British burnt Washington, D.C., however, the Patent Office was saved by the British Superintendent of Patents, Dr. William Thornton. August 26 1902: Arthur McCurdy obtained a patent for a daylight developing tank for roll film. August 27 1855: Clara Barton became the first female federal employee to achieve equal status when she was hired by the Patent Office as a clerk August 28 1951: Oral B (the famous line of dental products) was trademark registered. August 29 1893: Whitcomb Judson received a patent for the zipper. August 30 1968: The song Hey Jude by John Lennon and Paul McCartney was copyright registered.1994: IBM announced it would not oppose Microsofts attempt to trademark the name Windows. August 31 1897:  Thomas Edison patented a kinetographic camera. August Birthdays From the birth of the famed French fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent to that of German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz, there are many famous August birthdays. August 1 1849: George Mercer Dawson was a famous Canadian scientist.1889: John F Mahoney developed a penicillin treatment for syphilis.1936: Yves Saint Laurent is considered the greatest French fashion designer of the 20th century. August 2 1834: Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was the French sculptor who patented the  Statue of Liberty.1835:  Elisha Grey  was an inventor who invented the early telephone.1926: Betsy Bloomingdale founded the famous department store. August 3 1959: Koichi Tanaka is a famous Japanese scientist  who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for work with mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules. August 4 1755: Nicolas-Jacque Conte invented the  modern pencil.1859: Knut Hamsun was a Norwegian writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1920 and wrote many Neo-Romantic novels like Hunger, Mysteries, Pan, and Victoria. August 5 1540: Joseph Justice Scaliger invented Julian dating.1802: Niels H. Abel was a Norwegian mathematician who invented Abels Comparisons.1904: Kenneth Thimann was a famous botanist.1906:  Wassily  Leontief was a Russian-American economist who won the Nobel Prize in 1973. August 6 1859: J. Arthur S. Berson was a famous Austrian meteorologist who made famous hot air balloon flights over the Amazon.1867: James Loeb was a famous American businessman who financially helped to found the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry.1908: Sol Adler was a famous economist who invented Sinophile. August 7 1779: Carl Ritter was the co-founder of the modern science of geography.1783: John Heathcoat invented lace-making machinery.1870: Gustav Krupp was a famous German businessman.1880: Ernst Laqueur was a famous microbiologist who discovered sexual hormones.1886: Louis Hazeltine was the inventor of the  neutrodyne  circuit that made the  radio  possible.  1903: Louis Leakey was a famous anthropologist who won the 1964  Richard  Hooper Medal. August 8 1861: William Bateson was a famous English biologist who invented the term genetics.1901: Ernest Lawrence was a famous scientist and inventor who invented the Cyclotron and won the Nobel Prize in 1939.1902: Paul Dirac was a famous English physicist who invented quantum mechanics and won the Nobel Prize in 1933.1922: Rudi Gernreich was a famous designer who invented the first womens topless swimsuit and the miniskirt.1931: Roger Penrose was a famous English physicist. August 9 1819: William Thomas Green Morton was a dentist that invented the use of ether in  dentistry.1896: Jean Piaget was a famous Swiss developmental psychologist and zoologist.1897: Ralph Wyckoff was a pioneer of x-ray crystallography.1911: William A. Fowler was a famous astrophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1983.1927: Marvin Minsky was a famous computer scientist at MIT who made inventions related to artificial intelligence. August 10 1861: Almroth Wright was a famous English bacteriologist. August 11 1858: Christian Eijkman was a famous bacteriologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1929.1926: Bernard Ashley was a famous English fashion designer who founded Laura Ashley.1950:  Steve Wozniak  was a computer inventor and the co-founder of  Apple Computers. August 12 1930:  George Soros is a famous Hungarian businessman and funder  for political movements who was worth $8 billion in 2017. August 13 1655: Johann Christoph Denner was the inventor of the  clarinet.1814: Anders Jonas Engstrom was a Swedish physicist who co-invented the spectroscope.1819: George Gabriel Stokes was a famous physicist and mathematician who co-invented the spectroscope.1888:  John Logie Baird  was a Scottish inventor of a television system.1902: Felix Wankel was a German inventor who invented the Wankel rotary-piston engine.1912: Salvador Luria was an Italian-American biologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1969.1918: Frederick Sanger was an English biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1958 and 1980. August 14 1777:  Hans Christian Oersted  was a famous Dutch physicist and chemist who wrote View of Chemical Law and was an early experimenter in the field of electromagnetism.1861: Bion Joseph Arnold was a famous electrical engineer and inventor.1883:  Ernest Just  was a famous biologist who pioneered cell division.1903: John Ringling North was a famous circus director who co-founded the Ringling Brothers Circus. August 15 1794: Elias Fries was a famous Swedish botanist who invented the  system a  mycologicium.1892: Louis-Victor, Prince of Broglie was a French physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1929.1896: Leon Theremin was an electronic musical instrument inventor who invented the Theremin. August 16 1845: Gabriel Lippmann was a famous French physicist who invented the first color photographic plate and was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physics for this process.1848: Francis Darwin was a famous English scientist and the son of Charles Darwin who carried on his work.1862: Amos Alonzo Stagg was a  football pioneer  and the inventor of the tackling dummy.1892: Harold Foster was a famous cartoonist who invented Prince Valiant.1897: Robert Ringling was a circus master who co-founded the Ringling Brothers Circus.1904: Wendell Stanley was a famous biochemist and the first to crystallize a virus, for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1946. August 17 1870: Frederick Russell invented the first successful typhoid fever vaccine.1906: Hazel Bishop was a famous chemist and  cosmetics  manufacturer who invented the first indelible or smear-proof lipstick. August 18 1834: Marshall Field founded the  Marshall Field Department Store.1883: Gabrielle Coco Chanel was a famous French fashion designer who invented the house of Chanel.1904: Max Factor, Jr. was the CEO of Max Factor Cosmetics and son of the founder and inventor  Max Factor.1927: Marvin Harris was a famous American scientist. August 19 1785: Seth Thomas invented the mass production of  clocks.1906:  Philo T Farnsworth  was the inventor of electronic TV.1919: Malcolm Forbes was a famous publisher who founded Forbes Magazine. August 20 1908: Kingsley Davis was a sociologist who invented the term population explosion. August 21 1660: Hubert Gautier was an engineer who wrote the first book on bridge-building.1907: Roy Marshall was a well-known scientist who narrated The Nature of Things. August 22 1860:  Paul Nipkow  was a German TV pioneer and inventor.1920: Denton Cooley was a heart surgeon who performed the first artificial heart transplant. August 23 1926: Clifford Geertz was a famous cultural anthropologist and ethnographer who described culture as a system of symbols and actions which convey meaning.1928: Vera Rubin was a famous American scientist who discovered dark matter.1933: Manfred Donike was a famous chemist who invented drug testing. August 24 1880: Joshua Cowen was a scientist who helped invent the  flashlight  and invented the electric toy train.1898: Albert Claude was a Belgian cytologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1974 for discoveries of cell structure and function.1918: Ray McIntire was the chemical engineer who invented  styrofoam. August 25 1841: Theodor Kocher was a Swiss surgeon and thyroid specialist who won the Nobel Prize in 1909.1916: Frederick Robbin was an American bacteriologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1954. August 26 1740:  Joseph Montgolfier  was a French aeronaut who invented successful hot air ballooning.1743: Antoine Lavoisier was a famous French scientist who invented the term oxygen.1850: Charles Richet was a French physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1913.1906: Albert Sabin was a Russian-American microbiologist who invented the oral polio vaccine.1951: Edward Witten is a famous American mathematician and theoretical physicist who won the 2008 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics. He helped develop string theory and developed mathematical processes to solve the multi-dimensional equations of string theory. August 27 1770: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher and inventor who furthered the field of idealism.1874: Karl Bosch was a German chemist and the founder of BASF who won the Nobel Prize in 1931.1877: Charles Stewart Rolls was a British auto manufacturer and founder of Rolls-Royce Ltd who invented the Rolls-Royce.1890: Man Ray was an American artist and photographer who invented the Dada movement. August 28 865: Rhazes was a famous ground-blazing Persian physician.1878: George Hoyt Whipple was an American astrophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1934.1917: Jack Kirby was a famous cartoonist who co-invented the X-Men, Incredible Hulk, Captain America, Fantastic Four, and Thor. August 29 1561: Bartholomeus Pitiscus was a German mathematician who invented trigonometry.1876:  Charles Kettering  was an American inventor who invented the auto self-starter ignition.1904: Werner Forssman was a German urologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1956.1959: Stephen Wolfram was an English computer scientist who invented the computational software Mathematica. August 30 1852: Jacobus Henricus was a Dutch physical chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1901.1884: Theodor Svedberg was a Swedish chemist who worked with colloids and won the Nobel Prize in 1926.1912: Edward Purcell was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1952.1927: Geoffrey Beene was an American dress designer who won eight Coty Awards.   August 31 1663: Guillaume Amontons was a famous French physicist.1821: Hermann von Helmholtz was a famous German physicist.1870: Maria Montessori was a famous Italian educator who invented the term spontaneous response.1889: A. Provost Idell invented modern volleyball.

Not one less (film review) Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Not one less (film ) - Movie Review Example Specifically, teachers in the school can go for several months without payment, important tools of delivering education are in scarcity, and beds are not enough for every student. The film is based on the tenets of the deplorable state of poverty the Chinese rural areas are undergoing. Poverty is prominent when Wei Minzhi is forced to share a bed with a lot of other fellow students. Further, poverty is evident in that the schools are suffering from the scarcity of important materials like chalks for writing. In fact, poverty is the real issue that faces most rural parts in china. The state of affairs in such parts of the country is best described in this movie. In a nutshell, the unfolding of events in this film is a true representation of what is taking place in the rural parts of china, where most pupils are forced to abandon schooling due to abject poverty. The political structure is another prominent theme articulated by Zhang Yimou. The film exposes how verbal negotiation, bureaucracy, and struggle are the main attributes that characterize the contemporary politics in the china’s society. Zhang Yimou creates scenery that pits Wei as the only female who has the guts to withstand her obstacles despite the fact that she does not have money. Most of the characters in this film seem to be very blind to following all that the corrupt authority offers. These characters do not have the courage to question anything that is being proposed by the authority, they only accept and move on. Though Wei is poor and does not have any powers in the society, she stands tall against her obstacles because of her persistency. In this case, Wei is a representation of the few courageous people in the Chinese country who are ready to face difficulties while challenging how the leaders conduct things. The determination of Wei through speech is an example of heroes in the society. Heroism requires perseverance of the highest order